电子设计自动化（EDA）社区一直在积极探索非常大规模的计算机辅助设计（VLSI CAD）的机器学习。许多研究探索了基于学习的技术，用于设计流中的跨阶段预测任务，以实现更快的设计收敛。尽管建筑机器学习（ML）模型通常需要大量数据，但由于缺乏大型公共数据集，大多数研究只能生成小型内部数据集进行验证。在本文中，我们介绍了第一个用于机器学习任务的开源数据集，称为CircuitNet。该数据集由基于6种开源RISC-V设计的商业设计工具的多功能运行中提取的10K以上样品组成。

随着机器学习模型在自动驾驶汽车（AV）的运动预测系统上变得越来越普遍，至关重要的是，我们必须确保模型预测是安全可靠的。但是，详尽地收集和标记充分测试稀有和挑战性场景的长尾所需的数据是困难且昂贵的。在这项工作中，我们构建了一个新的基准测试，用于通过将扰动应用于现有数据来评估和改善模型鲁棒性。具体而言，我们进行了广泛的标签努力，以识别因果因素，或者在Waymo Open Motion数据集（WOMD）中以任何方式影响人类驾驶员行为的代理，我们使用这些标签来通过删除非carusal剂来扰动数据从现场。然后，我们在我们提出的基准上评估了一套各种最先进的深度学习模型体系结构，并发现所有模型在扰动下均显示出很大的变化。在非作业扰动下，我们观察到$ 25 $ - $ 38 \％$ $相对变化，而与原始相比。然后，我们研究以提高模型鲁棒性的技术，包括增加训练数据集的大小以及使用靶向数据增强，这些数据增加在整个培训过程中都放下了代理。我们计划提供因果代理标签作为womd的附加属性，并释放稳健性基准，以帮助社区建立更可靠和安全的深度学习模型，以进行运动预测。

大多数现代脸部完成方法采用AutoEncoder或其变体来恢复面部图像中缺失的区域。编码器通常用于学习强大的表现，在满足复杂的学习任务的挑战方面发挥着重要作用。具体地，各种掩模通常在野外的面部图像中呈现，形成复杂的图案，特别是在Covid-19的艰难时期。编码器很难在这种复杂的情况下捕捉如此强大的陈述。为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了一个自我监督的暹罗推论网络，以改善编码器的泛化和鲁棒性。它可以从全分辨率图像编码上下文语义并获得更多辨别性表示。为了处理面部图像的几何变型，将密集的对应字段集成到网络中。我们进一步提出了一种具有新型双重关注融合模块（DAF）的多尺度解码器，其可以以自适应方式将恢复和已知区域组合。这种多尺度架构有利于解码器利用从编码器学习到图像中的辨别性表示。广泛的实验清楚地表明，与最先进的方法相比，拟议的方法不仅可以实现更具吸引力的结果，而且还提高了蒙面的面部识别的性能。

我们总结了使用巨大的自动语音识别（ASR）模型的大量努力的结果，该模型使用包含大约一百万小时音频的大型，多样的未标记数据集进行了预训练。我们发现，即使对于拥有数万个小时的标记数据的非常大的任务，预训练，自我培训和扩大模型大小的组合也大大提高了数据效率。特别是，在具有34K小时标记数据的ASR任务上，通过微调80亿个参数预先训练的构象异构体模型，我们可以匹配最先进的（SOTA）性能（SOTA）的性能，只有3％的培训数据和通过完整的训练集可以显着改善SOTA。我们还报告了从使用大型预训练和自我训练的模型来完成一系列下游任务所获得的普遍利益，这些任务涵盖了广泛的语音域，并涵盖了多个数据集大小的大小，包括在许多人中获得SOTA性能公共基准。此外，我们利用预先训练的网络的学会表示，在非ASR任务上实现SOTA结果。

The research community has increasing interest in autonomous driving research, despite the resource intensity of obtaining representative real world data. Existing selfdriving datasets are limited in the scale and variation of the environments they capture, even though generalization within and between operating regions is crucial to the overall viability of the technology. In an effort to help align the research community's contributions with real-world selfdriving problems, we introduce a new large-scale, high quality, diverse dataset. Our new dataset consists of 1150 scenes that each span 20 seconds, consisting of well synchronized and calibrated high quality LiDAR and camera data captured across a range of urban and suburban geographies. It is 15x more diverse than the largest cam-era+LiDAR dataset available based on our proposed geographical coverage metric. We exhaustively annotated this data with 2D (camera image) and 3D (LiDAR) bounding boxes, with consistent identifiers across frames. Finally, we provide strong baselines for 2D as well as 3D detection and tracking tasks. We further study the effects of dataset size and generalization across geographies on 3D detection methods. Find data, code and more up-to-date information at http://www.waymo.com/open.

Generalized linear models with nonlinear feature transformations are widely used for large-scale regression and classification problems with sparse inputs. Memorization of feature interactions through a wide set of cross-product feature transformations are effective and interpretable, while generalization requires more feature engineering effort. With less feature engineering, deep neural networks can generalize better to unseen feature combinations through low-dimensional dense embeddings learned for the sparse features. However, deep neural networks with embeddings can over-generalize and recommend less relevant items when the user-item interactions are sparse and high-rank. In this paper, we present Wide & Deep learning-jointly trained wide linear models and deep neural networks-to combine the benefits of memorization and generalization for recommender systems. We productionized and evaluated the system on Google Play, a commercial mobile app store with over one billion active users and over one million apps. Online experiment results show that Wide & Deep significantly increased app acquisitions compared with wide-only and deep-only models. We have also open-sourced our implementation in TensorFlow.

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

Given the increasingly intricate forms of partial differential equations (PDEs) in physics and related fields, computationally solving PDEs without analytic solutions inevitably suffers from the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Recent advances in neural operators, a kind of mesh-independent neural-network-based PDE solvers, have suggested the dawn of overcoming this challenge. In this emerging direction, Koopman neural operator (KNO) is a representative demonstration and outperforms other state-of-the-art alternatives in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Here we present KoopmanLab, a self-contained and user-friendly PyTorch module of the Koopman neural operator family for solving partial differential equations. Beyond the original version of KNO, we develop multiple new variants of KNO based on different neural network architectures to improve the general applicability of our module. These variants are validated by mesh-independent and long-term prediction experiments implemented on representative PDEs (e.g., the Navier-Stokes equation and the Bateman-Burgers equation) and ERA5 (i.e., one of the largest high-resolution data sets of global-scale climate fields). These demonstrations suggest the potential of KoopmanLab to be considered in diverse applications of partial differential equations.

In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.

Adversarial robustness assessment for video recognition models has raised concerns owing to their wide applications on safety-critical tasks. Compared with images, videos have much high dimension, which brings huge computational costs when generating adversarial videos. This is especially serious for the query-based black-box attacks where gradient estimation for the threat models is usually utilized, and high dimensions will lead to a large number of queries. To mitigate this issue, we propose to simultaneously eliminate the temporal and spatial redundancy within the video to achieve an effective and efficient gradient estimation on the reduced searching space, and thus query number could decrease. To implement this idea, we design the novel Adversarial spatial-temporal Focus (AstFocus) attack on videos, which performs attacks on the simultaneously focused key frames and key regions from the inter-frames and intra-frames in the video. AstFocus attack is based on the cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) framework. One agent is responsible for selecting key frames, and another agent is responsible for selecting key regions. These two agents are jointly trained by the common rewards received from the black-box threat models to perform a cooperative prediction. By continuously querying, the reduced searching space composed of key frames and key regions is becoming precise, and the whole query number becomes less than that on the original video. Extensive experiments on four mainstream video recognition models and three widely used action recognition datasets demonstrate that the proposed AstFocus attack outperforms the SOTA methods, which is prevenient in fooling rate, query number, time, and perturbation magnitude at the same.